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This is a computer motherboard.

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You know what all these components are called?

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What they do?

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Who invented the microprocessor?

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If you're into computer history and trivia,
you are in the right place.

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For just a few minutes, we're going to
bring you 10 of the smartest guys in the

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computer industry, who will be
matching which to find out who knows

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more about computer trivia.

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The guys from the East Coast or
the folks from the West Coast.

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Stay tuned for the Computer Bowl
All-Star Game on this special edition

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of the Computer Chronicles.

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Computer Chronicles is made
possible in part by the

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Software Publishers Association.

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Providers of educational materials
to help manage software.

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Don't copy that floppy.

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And by Hewlett-Packard,
Personal Computer Division.

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Now, ladies and gentlemen, the host of the PBS

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television series Computer Chronicles.

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Here is Stuart Chafay.

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Thank you very much.

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And thanks to the Computer Bowl Orchestra,
otherwise

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known as the Peter Morgan Band.

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Thank you very much.

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Okay, ladies and gentlemen, hackers of
all ages, good evening and welcome to the

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Computer Bowl All-Star Game.

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Presented by the Association
for Computing Machinery.

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Who knows more about computers?

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The East folks, guys? The East folks?
The East Coast folks?

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Who knows how to speak tonight is the question.

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Who knows more about computers?

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The people from the East Coast who
brought us mainframes and minicomputers?

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Or is it the people on the
West Coast who brought us

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silicon chips and personal computers?

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I wonder what they're
doing in Boston right now.

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Tonight we're going to
find out once and for all.

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We're here tonight in the San Jose Civic
Auditorium, site of many famous sporting

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events, but none so spectacular as
what we'll follow in this next hour.

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Tonight we feature the Pro Bowlers,
the Hall of Famers, the Final Four, well, I

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guess it's the Final Five from each side,
the absolute smartest of the

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smart when it comes to tech talk.

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For this is the Computer Bowl Finale.

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It's the Super Bowl, Game 7 of the World
Series, the Stanley Cup Final, the

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Olympics of Hackeredome all
wrapped up into one tonight.

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It is the revenge of the nerds,
the ultimate moment of geek

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glory for the winning team.

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So far we've had five Computer Bowl contests,
and the West has won the regular

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series by a score of 3-2.

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But what does that matter?
What have you done for me lately?

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That is all forgotten after tonight's contest.

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Gathered here in San Jose, I gather as

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a partisan crown. Who's going to win, audience?

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Okay, a couple of you. All right,
up in Redmond, Washington, we have a group of

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Northwesterners joining us
tonight live via satellite.

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You guys hearing us loud and clear?
We could only afford two-way audio.

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One year we'll be able to do this.

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Back in Boston, the bastion of East
Coast computer wisdom, we have a

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live audience watching via satellite.

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You guys in Boston, better root for
the East Coast because the Westerners

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are outnumbering you here.

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Okay, let's get to it.

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Representing the East Coast and their great
tradition of pocket protectors, white

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socks, red socks in Boston.

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From Foundation Technologies Limited,
Neil, Cleanup Colvin.

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From Microsoft Corporation,
Bob the Babe Frankston.

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Author and computer historian,
Pamela, Mighty Duck McCordick.

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From Novell, Multimedia David,
the Giant Killer Nelson.

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And the captain of the East Coast team
from the Electronic Frontier Foundation,

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Mitch Wildthing Capo.

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Now, from the West Coast,
with their great tradition of sunshine,

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earthquakes, the San Jose Sharks.

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Go Sharks from Microsoft Corporation,
Bill the Gully Gates.

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Industry consultant, Jeff the Cruncher Calb.

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From Interval Research Corporation,
David, Slam Dunk Liddell.

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From Smart Valley Incorporated,
Harry the Sinker Saul.

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And the captain of the West Coast
team from Sun Microsystems, Bill

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the Jammer Joy.

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Now, normally in a computer bowl,
we have one or two judges

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to rule on the difficult cases.

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That means when Capo or Gates
disagree with the official answer.

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But with this panel of all stars,
we figured we better

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bring out the whole Supreme Court tonight.

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So let me introduce to you our panel of judges,
otherwise known

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in this venue as our referees.

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And here they are, Charlie Bachman
from Bachman Information Systems.

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John Doar of Kleiner Perkins Caulfield & Byers.

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Pat McGovern of the International Data Group.

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Heidi Roysen of Teamacre Company.

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And John Schock of the
Asset Management Company.

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It is now my pleasure and honor to
introduce to you the official examiner for

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tonight's Computer Bowl All-Star Game.

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The only man whose medical
alert tag says Intel Inside.

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From the Intel Corporation, Dr. Andrew Grove.

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Ladies and gentlemen,
All-Star teams from the East and

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West, it's time to boot up.

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Andy, for ten points,
here's the first toss-up question.

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Some men in the computer
business wear earrings.

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Of the following, who does not wear an earring?

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Jean-Louis Gasset,
Stephen Wallach, Philippe Kahn.

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David Liddell, West Coast.

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David, Philippe Kahn does not wear an earring.

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And you are right for ten points.

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Andy, only one person in all of
computing's history has ever won both the

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ACM Touring Award for Lasting Technical
Achievement and the Grace Murray Hopper

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Award for Work Done Prior to
Reaching the Age of Thirty.

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Who is that person?

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Bob Frankston, East Coast.

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[...] McKeff, that is not the correct answer.
Somebody on

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the West Coast like to take a shot.

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Who is the only person to win the
ACM Touring Award for the [...]

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David Liddell, West Coast.

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David. Donald Knuth.

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Donald Knuth is right for ten points.

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A 5 1⁄4-inch floppy disk has a right protect
notch on its left side when held for

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insertion into a horizontal disk drive.

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On an 8-inch floppy disk,
there is a right-enabled notch. Where

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is it located on the disk?

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[...] Cape Horn, East Coast.

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Mitch, on the right side. That is not correct.
You've got a couple of sides left,

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West Coast. Anybody like to take a shot at it?

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Where is that notch on the disk?
Anybody want to try going quickly now? Got

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nothing to lose. Let somebody take a shot.

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Jeffrey Kalb, West Coast.

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Jeff, I'm sorry?

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The left side.

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That's not correct either.

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We have one or two more shots I think
somebody would get it. It is on the leading

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or front or top edge of
the disk as you put it in.

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Bonus Round.

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Alright. Time for the first bonus round.
The score right now before we begin this

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bonus round is 20 for the West, 0 for the East.

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Here's a chance for the East to pick
up 30 points in this bonus round.

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Alright, if you guys can huddle together now,
this is only for your team. There

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will be eight of these.
We'll go up and back evenly and fairly.

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Only answer through your Captain Mitch.
The category is

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Programmers and Programming Languages.

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Here's the first part of the question.
There's three questions, ten points.

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The 18th annual International
Collegiate Programming Contest

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was held earlier this year in Phoenix.

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The following four universities were
among the entrants. Harvard, MIT, Yeshiva

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University, and the University of Waterloo.

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Which one came in first?

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Harvard, MIT, Yeshiva University of Waterloo.

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Waterloo. That's correct, ten points.

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Okay, another chance to get more ten.
You guys are catching up now.

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I can think of at least three programming
languages which were named after real

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people. Can you name three?

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Programming languages named after real

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people. I need three of them for ten points.

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I need an answer now. Ada? Pascal? Euler.

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Euler. Judges say Euler will do, John.
Euler will do. Another ten points. Well

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done, guys. Another one would have been Euclid.

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Okay, last chance for another ten points.
You guys are catching up.

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The programming language fourth is
spelled F-O-R-T-H. When it was first

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introduced, it was called fourth F-O-U-R-T-H.

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Why did they change it? Trademark.
That's not correct, I'm afraid.

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It can only handle a maximum
of five letters in a

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name, so they had to get rid of one of them.

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Okay, so the score right now
is 20 points for the East, 20

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points for the West. We're all tied up.

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00:12:09,001 --> 00:12:13,001
Let's get back to our toss-up questions.
Any side can answer, Andy.

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A recent report on computers in public
schools rated the 50 states on how many

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computers are available in school per student.

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Neil Colvin, East Coast. Neil? Texas.

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That is not correct.
Continue the question, Andy, and anybody

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on the West can take a shot at this.

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Of these four states,
which one ranked number one? Alaska,

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California, Minnesota, or Massachusetts?

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Which state had the most
computers per student in

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school? I need an answer quickly, guys.

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Harry, Saul, West Coast. Harry? Minnesota.

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That's not correct. The correct answer
is Alaska. All right, go ahead.

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According to Red Herring magazine,
one high-tech company led all others last year

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in raising venture capital, raising
$35 million in the first three quarters of

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1993. What company was that?

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Jeffrey Kalb, West Coast. Jeff,
what do you think? Kendall Square Research.

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That is not correct. Anybody on the
East like to take a shot at that?

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Who raised the most venture capital last year,
$93 million, $35 million

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in the first three quarters of 1993?

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Anybody want to take a shot for ten points?
Going once. No

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ideas. The answer is...

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David Nelson, East Coast. David? Not correct.
Open Vision Technologies.

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Bonus round. All right, time to give you guys a

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chance. Let's see the score right now.

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Is what, 30 East Coast,
20 West Coast, so you're behind by

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ten. Let's see if you can catch up now.

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00:14:03,001 --> 00:14:05,000
Chance, three questions, ten points apiece.

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00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:06,001
Why don't you guys gather together.
You can consult.

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Only Bill can give me the answer.
The category is IBM. 1993 may not have been the

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best year for IBM, but the company did
distinguish itself by being number one In

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what was IBM number one in 1993?
I need an answer pretty soon.

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Let's have it. Made the most PCs. Not correct.
The answer is they had the most U

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.S. patents issued of any company in the world.

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All right, let's try for another
ten points now. Again, an IBM. IBM

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has been traditionally a stock favorite.

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I'm sorry, judges, yes.
A reprieve for the West.

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We think that may not be the answer you were

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looking for, but it may in fact be correct.

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Ten points for the West Coast.
Okay, thank you, judges.

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You guys are sharp. Okay.

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We're rewriting the script.

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All right, here's another chance for
ten points. Now, as I said, IBM has

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traditionally been a stock market favorite,
but in this decade it announced its

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first ever quarterly loss.
Give me the year and the quarter of that loss.

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In what quarter did IBM
announce its first ever loss?

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The only clue is it is this decade, of course.

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I need an answer.

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Second quarter of 1990.

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No, that's not correct.
Fourth quarter of 1992 is the answer.

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All right, you've got a chance at
another ten points now. Judges, no

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reprieve there, right?
I can keep on going here.

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Here's a good one. At IBM San Jose Labs,
while developing the platters for their

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Ramak hard disk, they had to figure
out a way to control the grain

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size of the oxide particles.

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They came up with a very innovative

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solution, so it would be a multiple choice.
So listen.

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Was it using a colander,
sifting them through a pair of nylons, or

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polishing each grain to size?

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00:16:27,001 --> 00:16:30,001
Which of those three did they
use to solve the problem?

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We guessed the nylons.
Of course, that's correct. Ten points.

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All right, the score,
east coast 30, west coast 40.

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Time. All right, that's the end of round one.
The score is the west coast ahead

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by a score of 40 to 30.

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And don't go away. We'll be right back.

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All right, as we get ready to start round
two of tonight's Computer Bowl All-Star

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00:17:16,001 --> 00:17:21,000
Game, the score once again, the west ahead
by a score of 40 to 30. We go back to

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ten point toss-up questions and Andy.

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Robots have been popular characters
in movies for many years.

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Of the following four movies, Target Earth,
Silent Running, Journey to the Center

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of the Earth, and Spacecam,
which one did not feature a robot?

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Journey to the center of the earth.

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You're a good one. Ten points.
All right, score is time. Here we go again.

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According to the book, The Green PC,
what is the annual cost for

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generating the electricity it takes to
run all the world's personal computers?

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00:18:03,001 --> 00:18:10,000
Is it $900 million, $1.5 billion, $4

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.6 billion, or $10 billion?

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How much electricity does it take to
run the world's PCs? All of them.

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Multiple choice. Guys, you got to pick one.
Going once, going twice.

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Bill? $4.6 billion. That's the right

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answer. Ten points for the west.

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00:18:38,001 --> 00:18:45,000
What is the result of the
multiplication in base

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89 of these two numbers?

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Eleven and eleven.

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00:18:57,001 --> 00:19:01,001
Thinking, thinking, thinking.
Listen to that question carefully.

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00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:06,001
Mitch? It's going to be one and
then whatever stands for 22.

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00:19:12,000 --> 00:19:15,001
Judges, I can't take that. No.
Okay, we've got to go to the

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west coast. You've got a shot at that.

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00:19:17,001 --> 00:19:20,001
The result of the multiplication in base 89.
Bill Gates, west coast.

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00:19:21,000 --> 00:19:26,000
All right, Bill? $132.
That's not the correct answer either.

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00:19:26,000 --> 00:19:31,001
The answer is $121 because it's always
$121 except for base two, $11 and $11.

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00:19:32,000 --> 00:19:34,001
Judges, yes? Thank you. Okay, next.

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00:19:37,000 --> 00:19:40,000
It's obvious. Obvious, Andy says.

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One of the earliest word processors
was written by a company named

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00:19:46,001 --> 00:19:48,001
Life Tree Software.

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00:19:49,001 --> 00:19:53,000
What was it called? Bill Gates, west coast.

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00:19:53,000 --> 00:19:58,000
Easy writer. That's not correct, Bill.
Anybody want to take a shot on the east?

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00:19:58,001 --> 00:20:02,001
Bob Frankston, east coast.
Bob? Vokes writer. Correct for ten points.

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00:20:05,001 --> 00:20:08,001
Bonus round.
All right, it's time for another bonus round.

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00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:12,000
Guess what? The score is tied 50 for
the east coast, 50 for the west coast.

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00:20:15,001 --> 00:20:16,001
All right, east coast time. You

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00:20:16,001 --> 00:20:18,000
guys get together.
You're going to answer through Mitch.

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00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:20,000
The category is computers in print.

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00:20:21,001 --> 00:20:25,001
One of today's well-known computer
trade magazines used to be called the

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00:20:25,001 --> 00:20:27,001
intelligent machines journal.

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00:20:28,000 --> 00:20:31,000
What's that magazine called today?
For ten points.

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00:20:32,000 --> 00:20:35,000
The intelligent machines
journal is now called what?

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00:20:38,001 --> 00:20:44,001
Give it a shot. Info World.
All right, ten points. Well done.

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00:20:48,000 --> 00:20:52,000
Second chance to get ten points.
Computers are printed. Way back in 1945, it's

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nearly 50 years ago,
an article appeared in the Atlantic Monthly

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entitled, As We May Think.

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00:20:57,001 --> 00:21:01,000
In the article, the author predicted the PC,
distributed databases, and

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00:21:01,000 --> 00:21:02,001
hypertext. Who wrote the article?

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00:21:03,000 --> 00:21:06,001
Vannevar Bush. That's right, Vannevar Bush.
Another ten points. Well done.

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00:21:08,001 --> 00:21:13,001
Last chance for ten points. In the book
Jurassic Park by Michael Crichton, a

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00:21:13,001 --> 00:21:19,000
supercomputer is used for DNA sequencing.
What brand of supercomputer is used?

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00:21:24,001 --> 00:21:30,001
What do you think? Cray.
Cray is right. Okay, well done.

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00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:35,001
You got all of them, so right now the
score is east coast 80, west coast 50.

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00:21:43,001 --> 00:21:49,001
Okay, Andy. The following three movies,
all at least 25 years old,

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all had computer themes.

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00:21:52,000 --> 00:21:56,000
Desk Set, Gog, and Billion Dollar Brain.

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00:21:58,001 --> 00:22:02,000
Can you list those movies
in chronological order?

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00:22:04,000 --> 00:22:04,001
Oldest first.

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00:22:06,000 --> 00:22:10,000
Three movies with computer themes,
and we need the order of those three.

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00:22:10,001 --> 00:22:14,000
And they were Desk Set, Gog,
and Billion Dollar Brain.

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00:22:15,001 --> 00:22:18,000
David Liddell. West Coast.
David, come and take a shot. Go ahead.

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00:22:20,001 --> 00:22:26,000
The order was Desk Set, Billion Dollar Brain,
Gog. That is not correct.

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00:22:27,001 --> 00:22:31,000
Anybody on the east like to try again?
Put those three movies about computers in

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00:22:31,000 --> 00:22:33,000
chronological order. Oldest first.

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00:22:34,001 --> 00:22:38,001
Mitchell, Kapor, east coast.
It was the order you read them in.

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00:22:41,000 --> 00:22:45,000
Nice try, but even that's wrong.
No, it was Gog first, which goes back to

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00:22:45,000 --> 00:22:47,001
1954. Desk Set was 1957.

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00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:51,000
Billion Dollar Brain was 1967,
so nobody did get that

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00:22:51,000 --> 00:22:52,001
right. Alright, next question, Andy.

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00:22:54,000 --> 00:22:57,001
The PDP-10 is a well-known minicomputer.
What was its

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00:22:57,001 --> 00:22:59,001
immediate predecessor called?

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00:23:00,000 --> 00:23:04,000
Bill Gates, West Coast.
PDP-6. Absolutely right.

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00:23:08,001 --> 00:23:13,001
Bonus round. Alright, time for another
bonus round, and it is the east coast

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00:23:13,001 --> 00:23:16,000
ahead, 80 to 60, so it's for the west now.

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00:23:16,001 --> 00:23:19,001
You guys can use this.
Your 20 points behind the category

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00:23:19,001 --> 00:23:21,000
is Computers in the Movies.

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00:23:22,000 --> 00:23:24,001
I'm going to give you the computer angle in the

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00:23:24,001 --> 00:23:26,001
movie. You give me the title of the movie.

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00:23:28,000 --> 00:23:33,001
Actor George Siegel has a computer
implanted in his brain in this 1974

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00:23:33,001 --> 00:23:35,001
movie based on a book.

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00:23:39,000 --> 00:23:40,001
Terminal Man. You got it, 10 points.

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00:23:43,001 --> 00:23:49,000
Here's the second computer theme.
Two teenagers use a computer to create a woman

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00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:51,000
in this 1985 movie.

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00:23:55,001 --> 00:24:00,000
Weird Science. Right, another 10 points.
You guys are good.

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00:24:01,001 --> 00:24:06,001
Last chance for 10 points now is an
important one. In this Walt Disney movie, an

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00:24:06,001 --> 00:24:11,001
electrical accident dumps the contents of
a computer's memory into the brain of a

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00:24:11,001 --> 00:24:13,000
college student played by Kurt Russell.

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00:24:17,001 --> 00:24:23,000
Tron? Not correct, I'm afraid.
The Computer War Tennis Shoes. The Computer War

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00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:26,001
Tennis Shoes. Okay, the score right
now though is, tie score, east coast

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00:24:26,001 --> 00:24:28,000
80, west coast 80.

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00:24:32,001 --> 00:24:38,001
Here we go. This is a tight one.
We are all familiar with the term ATM,

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00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:41,001
standing for Automatic Teller Machine.

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00:24:43,001 --> 00:24:48,000
David Liddell, west coast.
Asynchronous transfer

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00:24:48,000 --> 00:24:50,001
mode. That is not correct.

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00:24:52,001 --> 00:24:54,001
Alright, Andy,
you can finish the whole question and

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00:24:54,001 --> 00:24:56,000
somebody from the east can take a shot at it.

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00:24:57,000 --> 00:25:01,001
But way back in the 1950s,
the Bank of America installed one of the first

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00:25:01,001 --> 00:25:08,001
computerized banking systems built by GE.
It was called ERMA, E-R-M

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00:25:08,001 --> 00:25:12,000
-A. What did the letters E-R...

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00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:14,000
David Nelson, east coast.

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00:25:15,001 --> 00:25:22,000
Electronic record method of accounting.
Electronic recording machine accounting.

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00:25:22,001 --> 00:25:25,000
Okay, you had two of the four words,
Dave, but not all of them. Electronic

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00:25:25,000 --> 00:25:27,000
recording machine accounting.

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00:25:30,000 --> 00:25:36,001
If you have... No, I'm sorry, Andy,
that's the signal for the end of round two

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00:25:36,001 --> 00:25:40,001
with the score.
80 for the east coast, 80 for the west

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00:25:40,001 --> 00:25:42,001
coast. What a great contest.

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00:25:45,000 --> 00:25:50,001
That concludes the first half of
the Computer Bowl All-Star Game.